RÈGLEMENTS techniques CUP Lites 2011


CUP LITES  
OFFICIAL RULES AND REGULATION
The CUP  LITES Racing is designed as a high speed, low cost, spec racing division. The only cars legal to race in this division will be those CUP LITES cars manufactured by TIM BENDER RACE CARS Inc. or JAG Racing Canada that strictly conform to these rules. To help keep the cost of racing as low as possible, to keep the emphasis on driver ability, the activity as family oriented as possible and to make the division as competitive (equal) as possible the cars must be raced in their stock condition with absolutely no alterations or modifications to any part of the car except for updates made authorized by the Cup Lites administration only. Certain adjustments will be permitted but only as described in these rules. STOCK  MEANS “AS MANUFACTURED AND UNALTERED!” IF IT DOESN’T SPECIFICALLY SAY THAT YOU CAN DO IT, THEN YOU CAN’T DO IT !!!



All competitors by entering in a CUP LITES event agree to abide by all the rules contained here and their amendments and agree to abide by the CUP LITES SERIES officials decisions and agree that those decisions are final.



CUP LITES CAR TECHNICAL REGULATIONS
1)       CAR BODIES          
a)      The bodies approved for 2011 Cup Lites competition all must be sold through JAG Racing and are as displayed in current NASCAR style competitions. A few examples include:            
1) Chevrolet Monte Carlo
2) 1Ford Taurus
3) Pontiac Grand Prix
4) Chevrolet Monte Carlo
5) Ford Taurus
6) Dodge Intrepid    

b)     The approved fiberglass body must be used COMPLETE AS     SUPPLIED By CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING and cannot be altered in any way     except for tire clearance if more is needed, maximum of a 12"     radius measured from the center of  the axle at the legal ride     height with the driver in the car. Body filler can be used to     cover rivets and seams at the original joints of the body and only where the body has been repaired for damage. All     dimensions, thicknesses, angles, corner radiuses, and shapes     of the original body must remain as manufactured, supplied by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING. Competitors may repair body damage but cannot alter body dimensions, angles, corner radiuses and shapes from the stock CUP LITES body.         


c)    Body's cannot be offset on the chassis and rake or angle of             body must remain stock.
d)     NO streamlining of any body, chassis or other part of the     car is permitted.
e)     Cars must be neatly painted and appearing. No primed, damaged cars or cars with partial bodies will be allowed  unless authorized by CUP LITES Officials. Any immediate     damage or temporary repairs at the race track must be covered with color coordinated duct tape to match the original paint scheme.  
All damage must be properly     repaired before the next event.
f)    The front valance lower nose of the car and cannot extend     lower than 3.5” of ground clearance to the race track with the     driver in the drivers seat. The front fender in front of the front tires the max. Dim.     allowed is 62” centered from the frame.
g)    The ground clearance from the car sides to race track with the driver in the car is a min of 3” LF, 3.5” LR and 4” RF, 4.5” RR.  Non adjustable 1/8” plastic or thin aluminum. skirt strip max. 2" in height and the full length. of the car side can be riveted to the lower car side and must conform to the ground clearance rule.
h)       The roof height shall be a minimum of 39" when measured at     the top center of the windshield to the ground with the driver in     the drivers seat.     

i)    A full windshield, both side 1/4 windows and rear window     supplied by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING must be used at all times. Windows must be a min. of 1/8" thick polycarbonate type material as     originally supplied be CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING. Quarter windows may each have one single 7” long x 4” wide N.A.C.A. INLET duct with a max 2.5” dia. hose. The LH duct can be used to directly duct air to the clutches only. The RH duct can be used to directly duct air to the rear brake only. No air can be ducted to or     toward the carburetors.
k)       Rear spoilers must be used as manufactured by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING and     not altered for size, thickness or ANGLE and must be 50" wide and 4" tall when measured 90 deg. to the ground by the tech officials gauge. The rear spoiler must be centered on the car and the deck lid must be flush down on the quarter panels right and left. Rear deck lid must be in place and securely fastened before car may enter onto the race track.
l)    The bottoms of the rear quarter panels behind the tires must     be set inward of car sides min. 1”, max 1.75” on each side.
m)        The rear height of the car will be measured from the top of the     rear spoiler down to the ground  with the driver in the driver     seat and will be a minimum of 32” and a maximum of 33.5".     This will be measured at a point 20” right and left of the center     line of the rear spoiler before and after the race.
n)     Front grille opening must be covered with screen and all air must be directly ducted through the Radiator with no baffles or aerodynamic devices of any kind. All inlet air for radiator     must come through grille opening. Grille openings must be     the same size and shape as manufactured by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING for each brand of car. The grille opening can be neatly taped off to regulate engine temperature. The top grille area can be cut open to the stock CUP LITES size and neatly covered with     screen on outside for additional radiator cooling if necessary.     If top grille area is open and not taped over, NO taping or     closing off of the bottom grille opening is permitted.
o)     The roof hatched must be securely in place and latched do    while car is being operated at all times including under caution or warm up laps.
p)    One clear N.A.C.A. duct for driver cooling only and approved     by CUP LITES Officials can be added to LH side door open window area mounted directly behind the “A Pillar” to the top of the door sill. The N.A.C.A. duct must be mounted to, or part     of a rectangle piece of clear polycarbonate max size of 10” w X 6” h and must be directly ducted to the driver or helmet.
q)       Two holes can be cut in the removable speaker panel, one above the fuel filler and one above the radiator cap for convenience to check or fill fluids. The hole must be covered with a hatch of the same material that is securely fastened to prevent fluids from entering the drivers compartment.



2)    IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING


All competitors are encouraged to paint and or decal their     CUP LITES car like a Cup, or Grand National car that     matches their number or sponsor and car make. Cars that are the same general brand ( GM=Pontiac or Chevy ), painted, colored, and numbered (not necessarily sponsored) like a     Cup or Grand National car from the past three years will be     eligible for special bonus awards. CUP LITES Officials will     have the final decision on which cars qualify for this award.


4)        COMPETITOR ADVERTISING AREAS
a)        The Hood, the Trunk lid, the “C Pillars”, the Door below the     number, the upper and lower rear Quarter Panels and the “TV     panel”  are the  approved areas allowed for advertising use by     the competitors and their sponsors on the CUP LITES  cars.





5)    CHASSIS
a)    The complete stock unaltered CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING manufactured CUP     LITES chassis must be used in its entirety with absolutely no modifications.
b)    Any chassis repairs must be done or approved by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING only.
c)    All replacement bumpers, nerf bars, side bars and body     mounts must be as     manufactured and supplied by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING as CUP LITES legal parts. Competitors may make repairs to these bars, but not manufacture them or replace them with non CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING manufactured parts.
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6)        CHASSIS GROUND CLEARANCE
a)     At all  race events, the ground clearance to the chassis with the     driver in the drivers seat before and after each race cannot be     lower than 3" AT ANY TIME BEFORE, AFTER OR DURING an event.
7)    OVERALL CAR WEIGHT
a)    All cars must weigh a minimum of 1325 lb. as they exit the race track with the driver after every     race or qualification.
NOTHING can be added to the car to make weight for tech     inspection after each race or qualifying.

b)    All ballast that is added to the cars must be in the form of lead painted white and have car number marked on each piece. All ballast must be securely bolted in place with at least grade 5 bolts per ballast block and securely strapped in a manner and form acceptable to CUP LITES Officials All ballast must not extend under the seat or over side frame rail and can extend a max of 1.5” forward or rearward past angle ballast bracket locations.

8)    ENGINE
a)    Engine and all related components including the entire exhaust system must be used STOCK UNALTERED AS   SUPPLIED or approved and sealed BY CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING.
Exhaust system cannot be coated, treated, wrapped or insulated in any way.
b)    The internal recoil starter cup and assembly may be removed.    
c)      Absolutely NO tampering with engine seals or engin    components. No coatings or treating of engine components in     any way. No balancing or blue printing of any components.     Only CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING can remove seals, approve and re-seal an engine.
d)      Carburetors must be used as supplied by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING completely     unaltered.  The ONLY jet that may be changed is the main jet . The Throttle pedal may be altered to suit driver.    
e)      Individual air filters must be used on each carburetor. Only three round foam  “UNIFILTER” brand filters or K&N brand filters part# RU2750 supplied by Cup Lites will be allowed. Air filters may be coated with oil only. Absolutely no power adding substances. All air that enters the carburetors must pass through the air filters unpressureized in any way. No “Ram tubes” or funneling devices of any kind will be allowed. No air box, cool air inlet, ducting air or directing air in any way toward the carburetors is allowed. A filter “outer wear”     (stocking type material) may be used over the air filter.       
f)       Any brand, single electrode, single ground strap style spark     plug may be used.
g )      The entire electrical system must be unaltered and used in its entirety as manufactured and supplied by Yamaha or CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING. Wire     harness may be wrapped with tape or run inside plastic tubing to prevent damage. The ignition timing cannot be adjusted or altered in any way. The flywheel and it’s relationship to the entire engine cannot be altered in any way.
h)     The engine kill switch must be marked “ON and OFF”. An     additional engine kill switch or battery disconnect may be     added and mounted within the drivers reach.
I)       A 12 VOLT battery must be used.





9) GEAR AND CHAIN SYSTEM

a)     Only  gears supplied by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING will be legal 14/63 and 14/56 on all road and oval courses.                                                     
b)      Chains legal for CUP LITES will be any 520 size steel chain.  

c)     The minimum chain guard that may be used will be the .125” thick 6061-T6 Alumn. one supplied by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING with no holes added. A plastic or metal grease shield may be added to the LH side of the chain / sprocket area mtd from chain guard     down to frame rail and must have full suspension clearance.
d)    The Chain tensioners must be used as manufactured by  CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING.

10)    TRANSMISSION SYSTEM                       
a)        The Polaris 80 CVT, Continuously Variable Transmission snowmobile     system    unaltered in any way in its entirety. This will be checked.   
Ramps and ajustement weights are free.              
b)          The secondary clutch must be a TEAM Driven setup Absolutely no machining or altering the secondary, sheaves, surfaces, sheave angles, or altering the amount of     overdrive the secondary clutch will achieve.
c)    The primary clutch must be used in its stock form in its entirety with no modifications. Absolutely NO machining or altering the Primary sheave surfaces, sheave angles, sheave spacing or sheave location.
d)       The minimum clutch guard will be the one supplied with the car by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING If desired the guard can be made stronger         
e)     No air may be ducted to clutches except one 2.5” dia. hose that is attached to the LH side 1/4 window 7”L. x 4”W. N.A.C.A. inlet duct.
f )      The only the drive belts that can be used are part #     138X44125CVT or # 138X44125HRD supplied by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING.

11)       COOLING SYSTEM
a)     The radiator, hoses, lines and entire cooling system must be stock and unaltered as manufactured by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING. Fans may be added. Tape may be neatly added to the front grille to control water temperature.        
b)      Only in severe cold weather can anti-freeze coolants be used.
c)    In event of a radiator being damaged the radiator can be     repaired but must remain stock appearing and remain the     same configuration, style, concept and dimensions as it was     originally manufactured by TBRC.
d)    Absolutely NO cooling of engines, draining of coolan exchanging of coolant, or the use of any ice, dry ice,     freon, or any types of coolants of any kind before any     qualifying or racing event.
e)    A securely fastened unbreakable catch bottle or can must be     added to the cooling system overflow hose.

12)     FASTENERS
a)       All fasteners will be a minimum grade of what comes stock on the Cup Lites cars. NO self-taping screws, wood screws, sheet metal screws or any fastener that has a sharp point that when dislodged becomes a hazard to a driver or any car.

13)    FIRE WALL
a)     The original steel fire wall must be in place at all times.
b)     Rear fire wall may be insulated.

14)    SUSPENSION
a)        All front and rear suspension components and mechanisms     must be as manufactured by ELKA for the cup lites series.

Springs rates and heights are free.

b)    All steering components and mechanisms must be stock and unaltered as manufactured by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING The only steering     components allowed to be replaced will be the rod ends of the     same size to a better grade of steel and an approved telescopic steering column may be used.
c)     Any approved racing steering wheel may be used. All Steering     wheels must be equipped with a center pad, a     min. of 2” thick     and 5.5” in dia.
d)    The only suspension adjustments allowed will be:
1)    Front suspension -  caster, camber, spring preload,             upper shock mount position ( only to one of the 2 holes         provided ). RH and LH upper A-frames may be run in         either chassis upper holes or lower holes provided.
2)    Rear Suspension - Axle alignment, upper link height (in one of the holes provided), panhard bar height ( in one of the holes provided), upper shock mount position ( in one of the holes provided ), and spring preload.         
3)     Front and rear track width measured at the outside of         the widest part of the tire sidewall at the center of the             axle height with car on ground at ride height with no             driver and will be a     min. 60.75", max. 61.25” on the             front and min. 60.75", max. 61.25" on the rear.
4)    There will be no offset in the front or rear                 suspension or axle, plus or minus 1/4". All rear             axle spacing and spacers must remain stock             unaltered including length, amount, and order.             


e)    The only suspension alterations that are legal are CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING or CUP LITES authorized updates or modifications.




15)    WHEELS

a)      All wheels must be stock as manufactured by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING  No     altered, damaged or chrome wheels are permitted.
b)        NO air bleed valves of any kind.
c)    Tires may be balanced but all wheel weights must be    securely fastened to the wheel with glue or duct tape.


16)    TIRES

a)      The only tires that can be used are Part  # 8.0 / 23.     Hoosier Tires supplied and branded by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING unaltered in anyway. Tires and wheels may be balanced.
b)     Absolutely no softening of tires or chemically altering or     treating of tires either externally or internally in any way.
c)     Only compressed air or nitrogen may be used in tires.
d)    Absolutely no cutting, grinding or altering the shape of         the tires or wheels.
e)    NO air bleed valves of any kind.
f )    No preheating of tires or wheels in any way before the    enters the race track .
g)    There is no limit on the amount of tires that may be     purchased. This may be re-evaluated at a later date.
h)    All tires must have a yellow crayon line drawn side to side     from inside bead to outside bead internally in the tire.

Rain slicks type will be determined at a later date in the series as we will run Rain or Shine in 2011


17)    BRAKES

a)     Brakes and all related components must be stock as manufactured and supplied by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING. No drilling of     additional holes in brake rotors or enlarging orig. holes.
b)    Any good quality racing brake fluid and brake pads can be     used.
c)     The rear brake can be cooled by one single 7”L. x 4”W.     N.A.C.A. duct in the RH Quarter window ducted with a 2.5"     hose directly to the brake not aiming at or cooling the     carburetors or carburetor air in any way.
d)    There will be no cooling to the front brakes.
e)      Brake bias front to rear can be adjusted by the adjustment     supplied or adding a cable, dial, driver adjustable adjuster.





18)    SEATS
a)     An aluminium Nascar type. full, deep bucket, high back, full head rest seat OR an FIA approved  OR SFI approved seat     must be used and approved by the CUP LITES officials.
c)     The use of  head and leg supports attached to the seat is     highly recommended.  

19)    SEAT BELTS AND SHOULDER HARNESS
a)     A SFI OR FIA approved quick release lap belt no less than three (3) inches wide is     mandatory. Both ends of the lap belt must be bolted to the     frame with high quality bolts not less than 3/8” in diameter.
b)      Shoulder harness must be no less than three (3) inches wide     and must come from behind the driver's seat. The roll cage     must prevent the harness from sliding side to side. Shoulder     harness inertia reels cannot be used.
c)    A center (crotch) belt must be securely mounted to the lower     seat frame at the bottom and to the lap seat belt on the top.
d)     Where the belts pass through the seat edges, seat must have     a grommet installed, be rolled and/or padded to prevent     cutting of the belts.
e)      All seat belts and shoulder harness must connect at the lap     belt with an approved quick release buckle.
f )    Seat belts must be dated by the manufacturer and must not     be used beyond (5) years after the manufactured date.

20)     WINDOW NETS                              
a)      The window net must be used as supplied by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING and     securely in place while car is on the race track at all times.

21)    FIRE CONTROL
a)      It is mandatory that each car have, within the driver's reach,     built-in fully charged min. 5 lb. capacity fire extinguishing     equipment. The fire extinguisher must be securely mounted
b)      All entrants should have in their garage or pit area as part of     their equipment, at all times, a fully charged 10 or 13 pound     dry chemical, Halon, or its equivalent fire extinguisher.

22)     ROLL BAR PADDING
a)    All roll bars and objects within the drivers reach must be     sufficiently padded. It is up to each competitor to make sure     that padding in their car is sufficient to protect them in a         crash situation.
b)    The three roll bars directly behind drivers head are
recommended to be padded with very high density foam roll     bar padding.





23)     MIRRORS
a)    All cars must be equipped with a securely mounted rear view mirror(s) preferably made of a material other than glass. If     glass is used it must be covered with clear vinyl to prevent     broken glass dangers. Mirrors cannot extend outside body.    



24)      GAUGES

Absolutely NO on board computers, NO telemetry, NO     sensing devices other than additional inboard passive monitoring system.

25)     FUEL AND OILS
a)      NO FUELS WILL BE LEGAL WITH ANY ALCOHOL     CONTENT WHATSOEVER.

b)     The only oil that is legal for 2011 is the ELF COMPETITON 2T Smokeless type.

RANDOM FUEL/ OIL     SAMPLES WILL BE TAKEN AND TESTED FROM TIME TO     TIME AND VIOLATORS OF RULES WILL BE SEVERELY     PENALIZED.
c)    Absolutely no cooling of fuel at any time, in any way

26)    FUEL CELL
a)    CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING supplied fuel cell is mandatory for 2011. The safety fuel cell, fuel pump and all related fuel system must be used in its entirety as supplied by CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING unaltered.
b)      All fuel lines must be fire resistant. Steel braided lines may be     used.
c)    A plastic fuel filter may be used in line between but it must be covered for protection.



33)     DRIVER SAFETY EQUIPMENT
a)     It is mandatory  that all competitors wear a Racing helmet in good condition and  that all helmets meet  a min. of Snell rating of 2005 or better.
b)      It is mandatory that all competitors wear a “Horse Collar” type neck collar or HANS device with appropriate achor points. It is up to each competitor to make sure this will     adequately support their head and helmet and sufficiently     protect them from injury in any crash.
c)     It is mandatory that at all times while operating a CUP LITES car all drivers wear a driving suit system made of at least 2 layers made of approved fire resistance material that carries a SFI 3-2A/5 or FIA approval as well as fire retardant shoes and gloves and together they effectively cover the entire body. The use of fire retardant long under wear, turtle neck, head sock, and foot socks are highly     recommended. It is each competitors responsibility         to make sure that he or she is adequately protected     against all possible fire situations.

NOTES:

Competitors are solely responsible for the safety of their Race Cars and Their Racing equipment. All CUP LITES drivers are obligated to operate their cars in manner that will minimize the risk of injury to themselves and to others.                                                       


MEMBERS IN GOOD STANDING - All competitors, drivers, car owners, and crew members associated with any CUP LITES car MUST be in “good standing” ( no money owed or unpaid bills ) with the CUP LITES SERIES, CUP LITES SERIES CANADA / JAG RACING INC., the promoters, and any series sponsors to be allowed to compete at the discretion of the CUP LITES Race Director. Even if that car is sold to a different car owner, all money owed related to that serial # car must be paid in full before that car, driver, car owner or crew members individually or together will be allowed to compete.    

KNOWLEDGE OF RULES- Members are responsible to know policies, rules and regulations set forth herein and those which become effective during the season. Information contained in CUP LITES Rules updates become effective upon publication. All CUP LITES Teams are responsible to be able to receive Faxes. All Rule Amendments, car updates, race schedule updates, starting times as well as any other important information will be distributed by fax machine. Drivers assume full responsibility for the car and conduct of the pit crew, family members, sponsors, and shall be the sole spokesman thereof.

DRUGS & ALCOHOL- Mandatory revocation of license for member using drugs at any time or intoxicating beverages before entering race premises or while in attendance until last event is complete. All members must consent to drug or alcohol testing at discretion of CUP LITES Officials or applicable committee. Any driver owner or pit crew violating this rule will result in disqualification of the car and loss of purse and points for program.

DECISIONS - All of the decisions concerning score keeping, suspensions, disqualification’s, fines and the interpretation of the rules by CUP LITES Series Director, CUP LITES Officials or applicable committees are non-protestable, non-appealable, non-litigable, are final and considered binding to all parties involved.






INSPECTIONS
a)      The CUP LITES SERIES reserves the right to inspect any part     of, or any complete CUP LITES race car for safety, damage,     or rule conformity at any time before, during, or after any     event without any restrictions whatsoever. All competitors     cars must be available for inspection before each event and     after each race.
b)    Immediately after each feature race the top four finishing     cars must report DIRECTLY  to the CUP LITES inspection     area and immediately check in with the  CUP LITES     SERIES Officials and designate ONE QUALIFIED  crew member that will bring his tools, will cooperate, and    
perform the CUP LITES officials directed tear down     procedure. Failure to do so will result in possible     disqualification and the forfeiting of all money and points     earned that race and possible further disciplinary action by     CUP LITES Officials or applicable committee. The winner will first go to winners circle (if applicable), then report directly     (absolutely no tampering with the car) to the CUP LITES     inspection area ASAP.    
c)    The CUP LITES SERIES  reserves the right to impound any     CUP LITES car or parts for further detailed inspection as     deemed necessary by CUP LITES Officials.
All decisions of the CUP LITES Series     Director or applicable committee are non-protestable,     non-appealable, non-litigable and are final.



17)    PROTESTS - A registered CUP LITES competitor competing at an event who believes that another competitor has a significant unfair advantage by some action or device that the competitor believes is in violation of the CUP LITES rules, may file a protest to CUP LITES Officials. The protest must be made in writing by the competitor to CUP LITES Officials within 10 minutes after the checkered flag is displayed signifying the completion of the race. Each separate protest must be accompanied by a $250.00 cash protest fee. The CUP LITES Series Director will determine whether the matter is protestable or not. If the CUP LITES Series Director determines that the matter is not protestable the matter and decision are non appealable, non-litigable, is final and the protest fee would be refunded.
If it is determined that the matter is protestable and it is a non-equipment related violation the CUP LITES Series Director and or applicable Committee will decide the protest as quickly as possible and shall inform the parties involved in the protest of the decision.
If it is determined that the matter is protestable and the protest is for an equipment related technical rule violation and the protested car will remain impounded in the CUP LITES inspection area. The protesting competitor’s car will also be subject to inspection at the discretion of the CUP LITES Series Director. The protested car’s driver will designate ONE QUALIFIED  crew member that will bring his tools, will cooperate, and perform the CUP LITES officials directed tear down procedure. Failure to do so will result in automatic disqualification and the forfeiting of all money and points earned that race, possible point loss from previous races and possible disciplinary action by CUP LITES officials or applicable committee for future events. If CUP LITES Officials determine an equipment technical rule violation was committed, the illegal parts will be impounded and become property of the CUP LITES SERIES. The protesting competitor would be refunded his $250.00 back and the CUP LITES SERIES would retain in whole or in part any prize money the rule violating competitor may have received. If CUP LITES Officials determine that the protested car is not in violation of the rules, the protesting party will forfeit the protest fee and $150.00 of the protest fee will be given to the protested cars owner and $100.00 will go to the CUP LITES SERIES. In deciding the protest, the CUP LITES Officials or applicable committee may take whatever action deemed appropriate to further interests of fair competition and finality in competition results. Such action includes, but is not limited to, revising race results, imposing penalties (disqualification’s, suspensions or fines), awarding or subtracting points, or taking no action. All decisions of the CUP LITES Series Director or applicable committee are non-appealable, non-litigable and are final.